| afix | prefix or suffix | old funtion | interfix | new function | meaning | example | remark | Update |
| mal- | p | adjective (e) | adjective (e) | to create the opposite meaning of an adjective, as a (temporary) substitute for the official word | mal-grande
= smalle mal-wadro-amine = hydrofobe |
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| ne- | p | adjective (e) | adjective (e) | to create the opposite meaning of an adjective | ne-frendoke
= unfriendly ne-kredible = unbelievable |
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| be- | p | noun (o) | verb (i) | objectivation
of the adjunct: to en-verbalize the object and make the adjunct the new object |
be-teglodi = to place tiles on, be-aksentodi = to lay accent on | like
'be-' in besiege: To lay a siege to the city = to besiege the city. |
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| be- | p | verb (i) | verb (i) | objectivation of the adjunct: to en-verbalize the preposition and create a transitive verb | be-frappi
= to hit on, be-worki = to work on, to process be-pensi = think of something be-parli = to discuss something |
compare
german: bedenken, besprechen. Ex.: nos be-parli nose problemos |
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| des- | p | verb (i) | verb (i) | undo or reverse the verbal action | des-strui = destruct (to 'unbuild') | |||
| dwis- | p | verb (i) | verb (i) | scattering related to the verbal action | dwis-veni
= go separate ways dwis-kadi = fall apart |
derived from 'du' = two | ||
| fa- | p | verb (i) | verb (i) | make or cause the verbal action to happen (causative) | fa-ligi
= to lay (lit. make lie) fa-mori = to kill (make die) |
'fa' first part of faci = to do, make | ||
| mis- | p | verb (i) | verb (i) | incorrect form of the verbal action | mis-bihavi = misbehave | |||
| ri- | p | verb (i) | verb (i) | repete the verbal action | ri-bildi = rebuild | |||
| su- | p | verb (i) | verb (i) | to create the self-referential form of the verb | su-questi
= ask oneself su-nomi = call oneself / be called |
'su' also allowed behind the verb but preferrably before it. | ||
| way- | p | verb (i) | verb (i) | to give a remove, disappearing or destroying quality to the verb | waygoi
= live = leave wayworki = get it out of the way |
from english 'away'. | ||
| -ere | s | adjective (e) | r | adjective (e) | adj. describing an increased state of the adj. | grandere | permitted also is 'plu grande' | |
| -este | s | adjective (e) | st | adjective (e) | adj. describing the most increased state of the adj. | grandeste | permitted also is 'le plu grande' (superlative) | |
| -eo | s | adjective (e) | - | noun (o) | a concrete object (person or thing) with the property of the adj. | le
noveo = the new one |
accent: nOveo | |
| -eto | s | adjective (e) | t | noun (o) | noun describing the abstract quality of the adj. | la noveto = the newness | ||
| -eni | s | adjective (e) | n | verb (i) | add or strengthen the property | noveni
= renew, oldeni = getting older valideni = make valid, validate |
both active and passive | |
| -esi | s | adjective (e) | s | verb (i) | be the property of the adjective | validesi = be valid | ||
| -aze | s | adverb | z | adjective (e) | to create an adjective of a natural adverb (that is a word with Grammatical Original Form = adverb) | nun
(now) > nunaze = of now hir = hiraze = from here interim > interimaze |
la
nunaze tempos = the current times la hiraze humos = the people from here |
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| -j- | s | any | -j- | any | separator-interfix creating a consonantal boundary so that any natural suffix (starting with a vowel) can be consistently used | natyolejisto
= nationalist humojoide = humanoid |
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| -w- | s | any | w | any | to desambiguate words that would otherwise interfere with the language definition. This is usefull when 'lingonizing' certain words. | sektorwo
= sector auditwi = audit premirwo = prime minister |
not
sektoro because of -oro suffix. not auditi because of -iti suffix. |
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| -oke | s | noun (o) | k | adjective (e) | adj. with the property of the noun; "like, with or full of the noun" | frendoke
= friendly helpioke = helpfull humoke = humane |
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| -ole | s | noun (o) | l | adjective (e) | adjective
concerning the noun, or: 'of the noun' |
naturole
= natural humole = human |
humole raychios = achievements of mankind | |
| -olese | s | noun (o) | les | adjective (e) | adj. describing the absence of the nounal object | faltiolese = without error, faultless | ||
| -one | s | noun (o) | n | adjective (e) | adj.
reserved for names: -person or language coming from the land mentioned in the noun -adjectivized city or person |
francone
= french anglone = english parisone = parisian einsteinone = einsteinian |
remarks: frenchman = francoro french language = franconeo |
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| -ose | s | noun (o) | s | adjective (e) | describes a genitive or possesive relation | la mannose wago = the mans' car | also used in situations after a name; peter-se wago | |
| -owise | s | noun (o) | wis | adjective (e) | describes that something is done in the manner of the preceding noun | projektowise
= project-oriented steppiowise = stepwise |
from wiso < wise, german weise | |
| -ocho | s | noun (o) | ch | noun (o) | noun describing a smaller form of the initial noun | domocho = a little house | ||
| -ofro | s | noun (o) | fr | noun (o) | this
is the female form of the noun Unlike esperanto, male words can not have a sex change operation (Not: patrofro) |
vehirofro
= a female driver frendofro = girl friend |
associable with german 'frau' = woman | update docs (was flo) |
| -ogro | s | noun (o) | gr | noun (o) | a big form of the described noun | urbogro = big town, city | ||
| -ogrupo | s | noun (o) | grup | noun (o) | to describe a group made up of the multiple ocurrences of the noun | derogrupo
= forest humogrupo = multitude |
from group | |
| -okido | s | noun (o) | kid | noun (o) | to indicate offspring of a creature of the noun | plantokido
= offspring latineokidos = offspring (romance) languages |
kido = child | |
| -omo | s | noun (o) | m | noun (o) | this is the male form of the noun | vehiromo
= a male driver frendomo = male friend |
compare man > m | |
| -oro | s | noun (o) | r | noun (o) | noun describing that it is member of, holder of or otherwise related to the noun | hollandoro
= a dutch person kluboro = club member shopporo = shop holder panoro = baker |
contrasting shoppodiro = one who shops | |
| -oshapo | s | noun (o) | shap | noun (o) | to describe an organisation or career behind a certain profession | agentoshapo
= agency prasedineoshapo |
compare English -ship, german -schaft | |
| -oto | s | noun (o) | t | noun (o) | to describe the noun as an abstract quality | prasedineoto
= presidency la humoto = humanity |
this one is a little abstracter than, and can compete with '-shapo' | |
| -oyo (= -oleo) |
s | noun (o) | y | noun (o) | noun
related to the original noun. Shortened version of the stacked suffix '-oleo'. In fact, when quickly pronounced 'oleo' sounds as 'oyo' |
palatoyo
= palatal (sound) lokoyo = local (inhabitant) naturoyo = natural (= naturally gifted person) |
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| -odi | s | noun (o) | d | verb (i) | miscellaneous verbizations (for which no specific suffixes can be found) | shoppodi
= to shop mirrorodi = act like a mirror |
quite productive suffix | |
| -oni | s | noun (o) | n | verb (i) | make or become the noun | partoni
= divide dupdatoni = update insuloni = isolate fundoni = found |
compare to -eni | |
| -olaye / -elaye |
s | noun
(o) / adj (e) |
lay | adjective (e) | looking like or in the same class as the noun | humolaye
= humanoid (also extra-lingual as humojoide) kunolaye = doglike bluelaye = blueish |
from
english like |
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| -ible | s | verb (i) | bl | adjective (e) | adj. denoting that the action can be done | drinkible = drinkable (without getting ill) | ||
| -ine | s | verb (i) | n | adjective (e) | adj. describing the current activity | helpine = helping | ||
| -inece | s | verb (i) | nec | adjective (e) | adj. describing the necessity or unfinishedness of the verbal action | solvinece
= to be solved facinece = to be done |
from English necessary | |
| -ive | s | verb (i) | v | adjective (e) | adj. describing that the action of the verb is going on strongly | aktive
= active instruktive = instructive workive = hard working |
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| -io | s | verb (i) | - | noun (o) | create neutral noun from verb stating either the process or the result | pensio = thinking, helpio = help | the accent remains on the stem pens- and help- | |
| -ifo | s | verb (i) | f | noun (o) | product, result or fruit of the action of the verb | pensifo
= thought bildifo = building, construction |
remindable by the word 'fruit' with letter 'f' | |
| -iloko | s | verb (i) | lok | noun (o) | place where the action is taking place | lerniloko = school (learning place) | ||
| -imecho | s | verb (i) | mech | noun (o) | mechanical device created to perfom the action the verb | flayimecho
= aircraft sukimecho = vacuum cleaner |
from mechanical, machine | |
| -imedo | s | verb (i) | med | noun (o) | means or instrument to an end | helpimedo = helping thing | compare french moyen, german mittel, spanish medio | |
| -iro | s | verb (i) | r | noun (o) | an object (person or thing) doing the verbal activity | helpiro
= person giving help resistiro = resistor (electronics) |
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| -ispo | s | verb (i) | sp | noun (o) | substance related to the verbal activity | drinkispo
= a drink gluispo = glue explodispo = explosive matter |
suffix can be seen as derived from first letters of english substance | |
| -ilo (or -itulo) |
s | verb (i) | tul / l | noun (o) | (unmechanized) tool to perfom the action of the verb | sektilo
= knife lokkilo = key sedilo = seat, chair |
tulo from english tool, -ilo is a shortening | |
| -igo | s | verb (i) | g | noun (o) | the (ongoing) process of the action | la
pensigo = the thinking la workigo = the working shoppodigo = continuous shopping |